The net migration rate is one measure of population change in the Gaums monitoring area.

During the period of monitoring in the Gaums area, the number of immigrants has exceeded the number of emigrants in 7 out of 13 years. In 2023, there were 74 more immigrants than emigrants, with the immigration rate being 1.66% higher than the emigration rate. Compared to the reference areas—namely Iceland, the Western Region, and the Eastern Region—the net migration rate is the second highest in the Central Region. Only the country as a whole has a higher net migration rate, at 1.81%. In 2022, the rate was 2.96% in the Central Region compared to 2.68% for the entire country.

A closer examination of the numbers reveals that in 2023, there were 895 immigrants and 821 emigrants in the Central Region. With a total population of 3,920 at the beginning of 2023, this represents a significant portion of the population moving to and from the Central Region.